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Coun. 103
Introduction to Counselling and Psychotherapy
1 Term; 3 Credits
This course provides an introductory background for a further study in the
counselling profession. It is designed to provide an orientation of the
profession in counselling and psychotherapy. The purpose of counselling and the
basic dimensions of effective counselling are examined. Other important themes
include professional roles and functions; professional goals and objectives;
professional organizations and associations; professional history and trends;
ethical and legal standards; professional preparation standards; professional
credentialing; and basic concepts of human helping.
Coun. 301-2
Theories and Techniques in Counselling and Psychotherapy
2 Terms; 6 Credits
The course provides a comprehensive and critical study of the major contemporary
theories of counselling and psychotherapy. It also includes the basic principles
and techniques in counselling and their application to professional counselling
settings, and topics that provide the foundation and understanding of the
philosophical bases of helping processes; professional helper's roles and code
of ethics in the helping process; basic counselling theories and their general
applications; client and helper self-understanding and self-development; and
facilitation of client change.
Basic theories include psychoanalytic therapy and its extensions, existential
therapy, person-centered therapy, transactional analysis, behavioural therapy,
rational-emotive therapy, reality therapy, etc. Case comparisons and analyses
are used throughout the course.
Coun. 304
Career Counselling and Guidance
1 Term; 3 Credits
The course introduces basic principles and knowledge of career counselling and
educational guidance in order to provide a broad understanding of the scope of
practice and functions of a career or educational counsellor in various
settings. The following topics are covered: career development theories;
occupational and educational information sources and systems; career counselling;
educational guidance; career and educational decision making; and career
development programme planning, resources and effectiveness evaluation.
Coun. 308
Human Sexuality
1 Term; 3 Credits
Sexuality is an essential part of human behaviour which affects the global
functioning of a person including the person's gender role and identity,
self-concept, social relationships, and satisfaction of life. Human Sexuality is
an introductory course covering a wide range of social scientific perspectives
on sexuality and critically examining some of the controversial issues through
the study of up-to-date research. It also helps counselling students to discuss
the matter in a perceptive, comfortable and confident way when they journey into
the suffering of their clients.
Coun. 309
Gerontological Counselling
1 Term; 3 Credits
The course is to prepare students to advocate for positive, respectful,
wellness-enhancing attitudes toward older persons and to provide knowledge-based
professional counselling services to enhance higher self-sufficiency for elderly
population in the Chinese context. Major areas of study include:
(A) Foundations of Gerontological Counselling;
(B) Ethical and Legal Issues in Counselling Older Persons;
(C) Normative Experiences of Aging;
(D) Impairment and the Older Persons;
(E) Techniques and Methods of Gerontological Counselling;
(F) Special Population Situations and Issues including concerns on elder abuse,
crimes against older persons, grief and loss, caregiving and singlehood, etc.;
(G) Needs and Services of the Older Persons.
Coun. 321-2
Child and Adolescent Counselling
2 Terms; 6 Credits
This course enables the students to understand the developmental issues,
problems and the basic principles and concepts of child and adolescent
psychopathologies such as school phobia, depression, conduct disorder, autism,
learning disabilities, hyperactivity, delinquent behaviors etc., which may occur
during childhood and adolescence. Students are taught how to conduct a
psychological assessment of the child or adolescent and recommend a treatment
strategy. Special psychotherapeutic models and techniques like play therapy, art
therapy, behavioral therapy and so on, are introduced to equip students to
counsel children and adolescences effectively in the local context.
Coun. 341-2
Practicum in Individual Counselling and Psycho Therapy
2 Terms; 6 Credits
This course is designed to help students understand themselves psychologically
and to practise various skills and techniques in counselling and psychotherapy
in the simulated settings. Its focus is on developing micro-counselling skills.
The course is run in a laboratory style. Skills covered include: rapport and
relationship building, conveying empathy, reflecting, paraphrasing, clarifying,
active listening, summarizing, questioning, focusing, directing, confronting,
and influencing skills, as well as non-verbal communi-cation. Students practise
these skills in different stages of the counselling process by using dyads and
triads exercise, small group role-plays, one-way mirror observations and
experimentation; and audio- and video-taping.
Coun. 351-2
Marriage and Family Counselling
2 Terms; 6 Credits
This course aims at acquainting students with theories and practice of couple,
marriage and family counselling and therapy. It provides a basic background of
the subject by first introducing systemic understanding of intimate human
relationships and then gradually proceeding to specific topics such as roles of
family history in dysfunctional families, skills and tools in assessment and
counselling individuals, couples and families, etc. Case discussions and role
plays are used extensively. Particular attention is geared to the clinical
applications in the local context.
Coun. 408 Chinese Psychotherapy and
Counselling
1 Term; 3 Credits
This course provides students with the background for pursuing indigenous
psychotherapy in the Chinese context.
It examines critically the applicability of western psychotherapeutic theories
and techniques to the Chinese population, and evaluates the ramifications of
integrating Chinese psychotherapeutic systems with western psychotherapy in
local applications.
By introducing the patterns of Chinese traditional psychotherapeutic practice,
the course also assesses the personality, environmental and cultural factors
which influence the current practice and utilization of psychotherapy/counselling
services in Chinese societies.
Students are required to conduct independent research to explore the
psychotherapeutic elements inherent in the Chinese philosophies of Confucianism,
Taoism and Buddhism as embedded in the Chinese classics, academic literature,
folklores, modern and popular fictions and arts.
Coun. 409
Multi-Cultural Psychology and Counselling
1 Term; 3 Credits
The course aims to enhance students' cultural sensitivity and competence in
working with diverse population. It explores the multi-cultural implications of
psychotherapy and counselling which includes studies that appreciate the
multi-cultural nature of human society; appraise the interrelatedness of
personality, environmental and cultural factors which affect the practice and
utilization of psychotherapy and counselling across cultures; apply scientific
inquiry and theoretical knowledge to identify common themes or elements of
psychotherapy and counselling practice that are essential and useful across
cultures, and to differentiate distinct approaches and elements that are
primarily ethnoculturally based.
Coun. 431-2
Practicum in Group Facilitation
2 Terms; 6 Credits
This course includes theories and skill laboratories that provide a broad
understanding on group development, dynamics, processing and counselling; roles
and ethics of group counsellors; group leadership styles; basic and advanced
group methods and skills; and other group approaches.
Volunteer Service in Counselling or Psychology or
Related Field (minimum 150 hours prior to field practice)
The requirement aims to enrich students' actual experience in the fields of
counselling and psychology. Students are expected to have a better understanding
of the clientele population of counselling and psychology, the actual work
settings of the helping professionals, and the potential benefits and
limitations of providing professional counselling and psychological services to
people in need.
Coun. 461-2
Field Practice
2 Terms; 8 Credits
This course refers to supervised counselling or psychotherapy experience in an
appropriate work setting of a 2-semester duration (no less than 50 working days
or 400 working hours) for 8 academiccredits. The clinical supervision to the
placement students must be provided by accredited, certified or qualified
counsellors or psychologists, or authorized personnel designated by the
Department.
Psy. 100
Introductory Psychology (for Non-majors)
1 Term; 3 Credits
This course aims at introducing the scientific study of a broad spectrum of
mental and behavioural aspects of human beings. Subjects covered include: the
theoretical foundations of psychology, schools of psychology, approaches used by
the different schools, as well as the basic biological, developmental,
psychological and social processes which affect an individual's development
throughout his/her life span.
Psy. 101-2
Introductory Psychology
2 Terms; 6 Credits
This is an introduction to the mental and behavioural aspect of human nature
through studying the major issues commonly taught in psychology texts. Topics
include an introduction to the methods and main theoretical orientations in
psychology, biological and developmental bases of psychological phenomena, basic
psychological processes (such as conditioning, learning, memory and forgetting,
language and thought, motivation and emotion), personality, intelligence,
conflict, adjustment and mental health, and human behaviours under social
influence.
Psy. 201-2
Social Psychology
2 Terms; 4 Credits
This is an introduction to the social behavioural aspect of human nature. Topics
start with the theoretical orientations of cognitive school, reinforcement
school, psycho-analytic school, and role theory, and then proceed to the special
problem areas of social motives, social affiliation, socialization, perception,
social influence, attitude theories, group structure and dynamics,
decision-making and aggression. Special theories and findings in each area are
taught with special effort of linking them to the broader theoretical
orientations.
Psy. 203
Theories of Personality
1 Term; 3 Credits
This course examines the critical concepts, theories and research related to
human personality. It provides a full understanding of the most notable
personality theories including psychodynamic theories (Freud, Jung, Adler,
Horney, Fromm, Erikson); trait theories (Allport, Eysenck, Cattell); cognitive
approach (Kelly); humanistic/existential perspectives (Maslow, Rogers, May); and
socio-behavioural perspectives (Skinner, Rotter, Bandura). There is a particular
focus on Southeast Asia, China and Hong Kong as a background for understanding
these theories. In addition, case discussions and research methods are included.
Psy. 300
Memory and Cognition
1 Term; 3 Credits
This course provides an overview of the fundamental theories and concepts
relevant to human memory and cognitive processes. Major areas being covered are
primarily from an information processing point of view. Specific topics include
perception, attention, memory, problem solving, expertise, creativity, etc. In
addition, this course also seeks to highlight the importance of the social and
emotional context for understanding human cognition.
Psy. 303
Health Psychology
1 Term; 3 Credits
This module aims to equip students with knowledge of theoretical and practical
issues in health psychology and a variety of related disciplines. Theories and
concepts provide the basis for an integrated approach to understanding health
and illness, and the relationship of psychological, social and biological
factors. By comparing the biopsychosocial health psychology model with the
traditional biomedical model, students will understand the distinctive
contribution of psychological approaches to health and illness, and the ways in
which these approaches complement biological and social approaches. The major
topics that will be covered include psychoneuroimmunology, psychological
contributors to and treatments of illness, health promotion, disease prevention,
and the health care system.
Psy. 305
Experimental Psychology
1 Term; 3 Credits
The course overviews the research methods in psychology at the undergraduate
level with particular focus on experimental designs. Its aim is to develop
students' awareness and competence in conducting psychological research. It is
the first of two courses which encompass the use of research methods in
counselling and psychology. The course emphasized the utilization of research as
a problem-solving activity. Methodological problems of various designs are
critically examined; whilst the limitations of experimental designs are also
addressed by living subject experiment illustrations. The students will have
hands-on experience in designing experiments and writing up standard
experimental research proposals, participating in experiments and writing up
standard experimental reports. Application of fundamental level of statistical
analysis in psychology will be covered.
Psy. 307
Research Methods and Designs in Psychology
1 Term; 3 Credits
This course builds upon the research knowledge gained in Psy.305. It covers most
important features in conducting good scientific research: finding research
topics, defining research problems, choosing appropriate research methodologies,
adequately operationalizing theoretical constructs, using appropriate designs,
controlling effects of irrelevant or possible confounding variables and
interpreting research results. It includes studies that provide an extensive
understanding of types of psychological research, application of descriptive and
inferential statistics in research; research-report development; research
implementation; publication of research information; and ethical and legal
considerations. Also, applications of several advanced statistical methods such
as Multiple Regression, MANOVA, Discriminant Function Analysis, and Factor
Analysis will be specifically covered in the course.
Students are then required to incorporate these principles in carrying out
research projects relevant to the field of psychology. Students are expected to
present their research plans as written proposals in mid-semester, and to
present them orally in a seminar to the lecturer and fellow students. At its
conclusion, students will also be required to have oral presentation on their
final research projects in a class seminar.
Psy. 331-2
Developmental Psychology
2 Terms; 6 Credits
The course examines the critical concepts, theories and research related to
human development. The course introduces the factors and processes in the
development and adjustment of personality which include studies that provide a
broad understanding of the nature and needs of individuals at all developmental
levels; normal and abnormal human behaviour throughout the life-span;
developmental personality theories; life-span theories; and learning theories
within cultural contexts.
It provides foundation knowledge regarding human development in the
environmental contexts of family, groups, organizations and communities.
Attention is given to the impact of human diversity on human development and
behaviour. There is a particular focus on Southeast Asia, China and Hong Kong as
contexts for human development.
Psy. 371-2
History and System Psychology
2 Terms; 6 Credits
This course is concerned with tracing the roots of modern psychological theories
as well as understanding the contextual forces and Zeitgeist that have shaped
the field of psychology. Major schools and systems of psychology such as
structuralism, functionalism, behaviourism, psychoanalysis, Gestalt psychology,
humanistic psychology, and cognitive psychology are covered. Their
interrelatedness is also sought. Furthermore, cultural and political factors
such as war, gender, and race are discussed.
Psy. 404
Brain and Behaviour
1 Term; 3 Credits
The objectives of this course are manifolds: first, to gain knowledge of
neuroanatomy and its effects of our thinking and behaviour; second, to apply
such knowledge towards the understanding of human behaviour; third, to
comprehend the connection between brain functioning and brain chemistry; and
fourth, to understand how brain dysfunction may cause mental illnesses and the
ways in which medication can be used to treat such illnesses.
Psy. 405
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
1 Term; 3 Credits
The course concentrates on how psychological knowledge and methods can be
applied in industrial and organizational settings. It focuses on applications of
psychological principles to management and leadership training, executive
training, selling, the psychology of success, the commercial world and coping
with different people at work. Particular topics concern such matters as work
description and performance appraisal, recruitment and selection techniques,
group behaviour, staff development, motivation, leadership, research methods and
future directions of I/O psychology are covered.
Psy. 407
Psychological Assessment
1 Term; 3 Credits
This course includes studies that provide a wide understanding of group and
individual psychological and psychometric theories and approaches to assessment;
data and information gathering methods; validity and reliability of the popular
psychological assessment tools (especially their utilization in the local
context); psychometric characteristics of these psychological instruments;
factors affecting assessment process; and use of assessment results in helping
processes. Specific focus is to develop students' ability to comprehend and
analyze the results of various tests and inventories in assessing psychological
functioning.
Psy. 441-2
Abnormal Psychology
2 Terms; 6 Credits
The course provides students with a background of abnormal psychology through
introducing the definition and characteristics of abnormal psychology, different
perspectives, diagnosis, classification, assessment methods, major features of
abnormal behaviours, therapeutic approaches, and research methods, so that
students are prepared to apply what they have learnt to their professional
pursuits.
Psy. 501-2
Research Project
Prere: Psy.305, Psy. 307
2 Terms; 4 Credits
The objective of this course is to provide an opportunity for students to put
into practice all the elements of psychological research including: problem
identification, generation of hypotheses, conducting literature survey,
designing the research, collecting data, testing the hypotheses and writing up
the research report.
Chi. 101-2 First Year Chinese I & II
2 Terms; 8 Credits
This course is composed of 2 parts:
1) the study of selected Chinese readings and
2) the training on students' Chinese writing skills.
The first part of the course is designed to provide students with a
general understanding of Chinese culture through the study of various
styles of Chinese writing in different dynasties from ancient to modern
times, such as essay, biography, prose, narrative, poetry and well-known
readings of the Chinese sages.
The second part aims to foster students' enthusiasm for and understanding
of the essential elements of creative writing through practice in various
themes and styles of language usage and practical Chinese writing so as to
enhance students' power of expression and writing skills.
Eng.
111-2 English Usage I & II
2 Terms; 6 Credits
This course is specially designed to improve students' language skills and
upgrade their overall language proficiency level in the four basic language
areas, i.e. reading, listening, speaking and writing. It covers a wide range of
language activities/ tasks in an integrated format, including:
- reading and listening comprehension lessons
based on authentic material covering stories of human interest, argumentative
and expository essay, interviews or forums on current and socially relevant
issues;
- varied expression on vocabulary improvement,
with emphasis on idiomatic expressions, phrasal verbs and other nuances;
- grammar revision and extension covering
sentences analysis, close structural transformation, subordination and
modification and correction of errors;
- oral-aural practice through enjoyable and
stimulating exercises to be done individually, in pairs or in groups.
Eng.
211-2 English Writing
2 Terms; 6 Credits
This course focuses on academic writing in English and provides some experience
of holding meetings, drafting minutes, and writing resumes and employment
application letters. Through participation in classroom activities and the
completion of writing tasks and assignments, students are provided with an
opportunity to improve and/or acquire skills such as listening, discussing,
note-taking, summarising, researching, analysing questions and assignments,
reading for specific information, synthesising a precise and relevant response
for a given purpose, presenting thoughts and ideas in a logical sequence,
providing citations and preparing bibliographies, and recognising/correcting
grammar and syntax errors.
Chi.
131-2 Elementary Putonghua I & II
2 Terms; 2 Credits
This course is designed to introduce students to the phonetics of Mandarin and
enable them to master Hanyu Pinyin. Students will learn around 2,000 commonly
used Mandarin words and expressions. The requirements and outlines of the
Chinese Mandarin Standard Assessment will also be introduced.
Chi.
251-2 Intermediate Putonghua I & II
2 Terms; 2 Credits
This course trains students to express their ideas in Mandarin. They will learn
a range of Mandarin expressions and phrases which are commonly used in daily
conversation based on the required reading materials of the Mandarin Standard
Assessment. There will be extensive exercises in reading short texts and dealing
with the pronunciation of difficult words in Mandarin.
Bus.
100 Introduction to Business
1 Term; 3 Credits
The purpose of this course is to provide a comprehensive overview of the
operations of modern business organizations. It aims at surveying the operations
of various business functions and showing why these functions are essential to
business and society at large. Emphasis will be placed on the techniques of
analysing and interpreting causes of business problems, and finding out the
motivations that tend to influence behaviour. The general role of business
management and the place of an enterprise, large or small, in our modern
business system will be discussed in the context of our social and economic
structure.
Bus.
200 Business Organization and Management
1 Term; 3 Credits
The aim of this course is to address key issues in the overall management
process as its main focus, concentrating on planning for productivity,
organizing for efficiency and effectiveness, leadership in the new millennium,
as well as control in organiza-tional life. Students are led to recognize that
an organization is an open system, interacting with its external environment.
Knowledge is drawn from relevant aspects of such disciplines as psychology,
social psychology, sociology, economics and public administration. The course is
taught in a highly interactive way requiring a high degree of student
involvement and participation. Lectures are supplemented by case studies,
managerial exercises and discussions of current topics.
Bus. 233 Principles of Marketing
1 Term; 3 Credits
This course is designed to help students to learn about marketing in the
fundamental way, leading towards an understanding of the full scope of
marketing principles and practice in the modern world. A broad range of
marketing skills are integrated like defining the market segments,
identification of target markets and manipulating the marketing 4P's.
Emphasis is also placed on the environmental influences and problem
solving skills which have a significant impact on marketing
decision-making. The goal is to prepare students to make better marketing
decisions in the contemporary business world.
Bus. 307 Management Information Systems
1 Term; 3 Credits
This course aims to provide students with an understanding of management
information systems and how they can be used to design competitive and
efficient organizations. The topics covered in this course include: the
nature and role of information systems, the technical foundations of
information systems, the development and maintenance of information
systems, electronic commerce, the strategic and management implications of
information systems, and the ethical and social impact of information
systems.
Bus.
430 Human Resource Management
1 Term; 3 Credits
The aim of this course is to provide students a basic frame work of personnel
management concepts and techniques, basically focusing on the functions and
activities of personnel managers. As a result, students are able to critically
evaluate personnel management techniques and to become problem solvers in the
personnel area. They are also capable of undertaking self-appraisal as a manager
and appraisal of personnel practices of the organization as a whole. Topics to
be studied include the process and techniques of man-power management and
planning, personnel recruitment and selection, induction and placement, training
and development, promotion, transfer, performance appraisal, direction and
motivation, compensation integration, maintenance and separation.
Bus.
440 Industrial Relations
1 Term; 3 Credits
This course is designed to give students a general introduction to various
aspects of industrial relations. Based on the foundation laid down from the
course Human Resource Management, the students are provided with basic concepts
of labour relations systems, labour laws of Hong Kong, trade union philosophy
and structures, collective bargaining and modern theories and the past and
present development in labour-management relationships and dispute between
labour and employers, security and compensation etc.
Comp.
203 Computer Applications in Social Sciences
1 Term; 3 Credits
A practical introduction to the following topics is given:
a) Windows Operating System
b) Word Processing Software
c) the SPSS package
d) Other software if time permits
Students are required to indicate their levels of understanding and
sophistication of manipulation of the computer through completion of assigned
projects. Written examinations may be required, depending on the situation as
judged by individual instructors.
Econ.
101-2 Principles of Economics
2 Terms; 6 Credits
This course aims to provide a general study of basic economic principles. It
presents economics not only as a mere body of knowledge but also as a method to
understand the current economic problems.
Major topics are as follows: the nature and methods of Economics; demand and
supply; pricing and allocating factors of production; market failure and public
choice; externalities and the environment; national income determination models;
fiscal policy; money and banking in Hong Kong; monetary policy; inflation and
business cycles; macroeconomic policy challenges; trading with the world; and
balance of payments and exchange rates.
Soc.
101-2 Principles of Sociology
2 Terms; 6 Credits
This is an extensive introduction to Sociology with the aim of providing a solid
conceptual and factual background for pursuing more advanced sociological
studies. Topics are arranged by substantive areas within each of which the main
theoretical orientation and findings are introduced. These include an
introduction to different theoretical perspectives, methods of inquiry, family,
education, work, social stratification, social organization, deviance, power,
and politics. Extensive reading for written examinations is required. Students'
initial ability of analyzing issues of a society in general, and those of the
locality, is required.
Soc.
103 Descriptive Statistics
1 Term; 3 Credits
This is a conceptual and practical introduction to Descriptive Statistics with
the aim of enabling students to present and digest quantitative data properly
under the context of relevant substantive concepts. Topics include methods of
data presentation, measures of location, measures of dispersion, measures of
statistical association at nominal, ordinal and interval levels, simple and
multiple regression, correlation and sampling techniques under descriptive
context. The understanding of basic assumptions and interpretation are
emphasized in each topic.
Soc.
104 Inferential Statistics
1 Term; 3 Credits
This is a further introduction to the elements of statistical theory of
sampling, estimation and testing which underlie the statistical treatments and
reasoning in sociological investigations. Topics cover common types of
theoretical distributions, the concepts of multivariate and conditional
distributions, distributions of functions of random variables, sample
distributions of mean, variance and other functions from normal and other
populations, the central limit theorem, point and interval estimation, testing
of simple and composite hypotheses under various conditions (e.g., equal or
unequal variances, large or small sample, normal or other populations,
correlated or independent samples, etc.), simple ANOVAR, and elementary
nonparametric methods.
Soc.
151-2 Thinking and Reasoning
2 Terms; 4 Credits
This is an introduction to logical reasoning and related issues. It begins with
an introduction to linguistic analysis, and proceeds to the nature and
techniques of formal reasoning, which leads to the core part of elementary
symbolic logic (covering such topics as the truth table, logical relations and
derivation, consistency of premises, indirect proof, and inference in terms of
qualifiers), and finally proceeds to informal fallacies and the logical
dimension of scientific method.
Soc.
203 Contemporary Social Problems
1 Term; 3 Credits
This is an extensive inquiry about the causes, consequences and treatments of
different types of social problems existing in different societies in terms of
existing theoretical perspectives, which include social pathology, social
disorganization, value conflict theory, deviance theory, labelling theory, and
critical approach. Problem areas cover alcohol and drugs, suicide, illegal
births, abortion, marriage, sexism, the elderly, and crimes. World and local
situations are equally emphasized.
Soc.
206 Organization Studies
1 Term; 3 Credits
This is an introduction to the theories of modern organizations, which covers
the nature and types of organizations, theories of organizations, the structure
of organizations, power and leadership, decision-making, communication,
environment and inter-organizational relationship, and the effectiveness of
organizations.
Soc.
221-2 Social Research Methods
2 Terms; 6 Credits
This is a background subject of research methods introducing the ways to conduct
social research and digest research results. Both principles and techniques are
emphasized. Its coverage includes the logic of experimental and non-experimental
designs, measurement, questionnaire construction, data collection (sampling,
observation, interviewing and other techniques), data processing, data
description, data elaboration and interpretation, report writing, plus special
topics of the research up to the interest of the instructor. Qualitative and
quantitative approaches to suitable topics mentioned above are taught to about
the same extent.
Soc.
303 Criminology
1 Term; 3 Credits
This is an introduction to the concept, nature, processes and theories of crime
and its control system in modern societies. Topics cover the conceptualization
and typology of crimes and deviance, methodology of criminology, psychological
theories, theories of under and over control, theories of culture, status and
opportunity, the criminal justice system, and the treatment and prevention of
crimes.
Soc.
371-2 Chinese Culture and Society
2 Terms; 6 Credits
The course provides an intensive teaching of the relation between the main
dimensions of Chinese culture and its socio-economic-political structure through
analyzing the roles and functions of different socio-economic-political
structures of different eras, social and philosophical thoughts of eminent
intellectuals, religious leaders and their thoughts, and the consequential
manifestations in arts, literature, education and science, from ancient to
modern. The impacts of foreign cultures in ancient times and the influence of
western ideas and its consequential revolutionary change in the Chinese society
are also analyzed. Students are required to do analytical thinking on the main
topics taught.
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